Plant catalog

Glossary of the florist

Glossary on the topic of growing and caring for indoor and garden flowers and plants.

Above-ground part the part of the plant located above the surface of the earth
Acaricides chemicals used to control ticks
Acidophilus plants plants that require acidic soil for growth and development
Aerial roots accessory roots, characteristic of many epiphytic plants, which arise in plants on ground shoots high above the ground and serve to absorb moisture from the air
Air moisture the water vapor content in the air, usually expressed as a percentage, is a factor determining weather and climate
Air organ an organ that develops above the surface of the earth
Air temperature indicator of the thermal state of the air
Air vent an object of vegetative reproduction, in which the branch is cut, buried in this place with earth or other material (for example, peat), thus provoking root formation
Androceus a collection of stamens in a flower
Annual plants plants whose life cycle takes place within one year
Anther the main part of the stamen, consisting of two symmetrical halves connected by a continuation of the stamen filament
Aphids herbivorous insects, pests of cultivated plants
Apical kidney bud continuing to grow the main stem in length
Appearance characteristic species of the plant during development and in adulthood
Aquatic plants plants living in water and adapted to the conditions of this environment
Areola an organ typical of succulent plants, from which spines, flowers, etc. are formed.
Arillus seed shell of some plants
Asphyxia a state in which the roots suffocate without air
Autonomic organs parts of the body in higher plants that perform basic vital functions - leaf, stem, root
Avait the ground part of the plant, developed from grafted cuttings or buds
Awn plants have a thin, pointed, sometimes spiny or pinnate process on the apex or back of the lower flower or spiked scales.
Bacteria unicellular microorganisms that are not visible to the naked eye, some are causative agents of pathological conditions (bacteriosis) in plants
Bark outer layer of stem and root tissues
Basket inflorescence with a flattened fleshy axis, on which, tightly fitting to each other, the flowers sit
Bean dry multi-seeded fruit of plants, opening in two flaps, seeds are located along the seam
Biennial plants plants living during the two growing seasons, in the 1st year only vegetative organs develop, in the 2nd - flowers and fruits
Border a strip of herbaceous plants around the flower bed or along the path
Bouqueting thinning operation for plants that are too thick, consisting in the partial removal of numerous fruits or branches
Bracts covering leaves on the axis of the inflorescence, from the axils of which flowers emerge
Branch the part of the plant extending from the trunk or other branch
Branching formation of new shoots and their mutual arrangement on the stem, perennial branch and rhizome
Brood a collection of fruits that looks like a single fruit
Brush a simple inflorescence with an elongated axis, on which numerous flowers on the peduncles develop in the axils of the bracts. The shape of the brush can be correct or one-sided
Bud flower bud blooming into a flower
Cage elementary living system, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
Carotenes orange-yellow pigments from the group of carotenoids
Carotenoids yellow, orange or red pigments, synthesized including by higher plants
Catkin a spike-shaped, usually dredding inflorescence consisting of many same-sex flowers and falling entirely after flowering
Cladodia modified shoot with a thickened, long-growing stem that performs the functions of a leaf
Clone a collection of cells or individuals descended from a common ancestor by asexual reproduction
Column elongated part of the pistil, ending with the stigma
Complex spike an inflorescence similar to an ear in which flowers and leaves alternate
Compost organic fertilizer obtained as a result of decomposition of organic substances of plant and animal origin
Cop spiked inflorescence with an elongated, strongly thickened axis, on which small sessile flowers are closely located
Cordon artificial shape of the crown of fruit trees, characterized by a long trunk, from which numerous short branches depart
Corms a modified underground shoot, superficially similar to a bulb, but accumulating spare nutrients in an overgrown fleshy stem, like a tuber
Corolla usually the inner, most brightly colored part of the double perianth, consisting of petals
Cotiath multicellular formation of seed plants from which the seed develops
Cotyledons the first leaves of seed plants that develop in the embryo in the seed
Creepers plants with long stems, unable to maintain an upright position and using other plants, walls, lattices, etc. as support
Creeping plants plants with horizontal shoots that lie down and can take root during the growth process
Cross-polly plants plants interbreeding with each other
Culm stem typical of cereals, hollow inside and separated by nodes
Cultivar synonym "variety"
Cultivated plants plants grown by man to meet his needs
Cultivation method a set of rules observed when growing a plant
Curly plants plants with a long flexible stem that in various ways (tendrils, thorns, bristles, suckers, etc.) cling to surrounding objects that serve as support
Cypripedium genus of plants of the family Orchidaceae
Deciduous plants plants in which foliage falls at the beginning of the dormant period
Dichogamy non-uniform maturation in the flowers of the anthers and stigmas of the pissticles
Dicotyledonous plants any plants whose seeds consist of an embryo and two cotyledons, these include grasses, trees and shrubs
Dioecious plants plants in which stamen (male) and pistil (female) flowers develop on different individuals
Disputes specialized cells of fungi and plants serving for reproduction and resettlement
Distillation of plants obtaining flowers, berries, fruits, vegetables in the off-year time for them
Dive transplantation of vegetable, fruit, ornamental and other crops at a young age
Divide a bush in floriculture and fruit growing, the method of vegetative reproduction is the division of the bush into several parts, each of which has both roots and stems
Drained soil soil without excessive, stagnant water due to initial properties, the addition of various materials or due to the laying of an underground drainage system that receives excess moisture
Drought tolerance the ability of plants to tolerate dehydration and overheating caused by soil and air drought
Drugs against aphids chemical plant protection products against aphids
Drupe single-seeded fruit with a pronounced differentiation of the pericarp into 3 layers: leathery thin upper, medium juicy fleshy and inner hard woody ("bones")
Dwarf plants plants of small size, often creeping or groundcock
Ear a type of simple inflorescence in which sessile colors are attached to the elongated main axis
Edible plants plants, parts of which are eaten
Embryo the rudiment of a new organism, the part of the seed from which a new plant appears
Evergreen plants plants covered with leaves throughout the year; at an unfavorable time there is no complete loss of foliage, only part of it falls, immediately replaced by new leaves.
Fall leaf fall in trees and shrubs, less often in grasses
Family taxonomic category in biological systematics, an integral part of the order, combining several genera
Fertile soils the ability of the soil to meet the needs of plants in nutrients, water, to provide the roots with the necessary amount of air, heat, etc.
Fertilizing plants application of fertilizers for crops during their growing season
Foliar fertilization spraying plants with solutions of mineral fertilizers
Frond fern leaf, usually strongly dissented, large, twitch-like
Fruit the reproductive organ of flowering plants, which develops from a flower and contains seeds; the fruits may be solitary or concretium; are fleshy, dry, opening, unopenable, etc.
Fruit branch annual growth length from 3-5 to 15-25 cm with lateral placement of color buds
Fruit crops a group of cultivated plants cultivated mainly for the production of fruits, berries, nuts
Fruit twig annual twig of fruit crops 15-20 cm long, slightly curved, thin, flexible
Fungal plant diseases plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi (parasites), the most common plant diseases
Gas resistance resistance of plants to increased concentration of harmful gases in the air
Gene an indivisible unit of hereditary material, part of a chromosome; each individual gene is responsible for different functions
Generative organs of plants organs that perform the functions of sexual reproduction
Genus taxonomic category in plant classification, uniting closely related species
Germination of seeds the ability of seeds to germinate under certain germination conditions
Ginetsey female flower organs of angiosperms, which are one or more pisticles
Grafted plants plants consisting of rootstock and rootstock and grown most often from an oculated bud or grafted cuttings
Grafting plants transplanting a segment of shoot (cuttings) or buds (eye) of one plant (rootstock) to another (rootstock)
Granular fertilizers fertilizers produced in the form of spherical granules are characterized by looseness, non-caking
Greenhouse construction of protected ground for growing mainly seedlings
Greenhouse construction of various types of light-permeable materials, allowing to maintain certain environmental conditions that differ from real conditions in the fresh air; warm greenhouse is constantly heated and designed for growing delicate plants; the cold greenhouse is not heated in any way; warm greenhouse is heated only in cold periods
Grey rot of vegetable crops plant disease caused by fungi of the genus Botrytis, mainly Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent is active in conditions of high humidity and poor air ventilation, is found everywhere
Growing season the period in which the growth and development (vegetation) of plants occur in certain climatic conditions
Gymnosme plants an ancient group of seed plants in which the cotyledon is never completely closed by the ovary, the seeds are bare, the fruit is absent
Hairs fibers consisting of one or more cells that develop on the epidermis of the plant
Heat resistance the ability of plants to perform vital functions when the soil and air overheat
Herbage plants with annual above-ground shoots
Herbicides chemicals that destroy weedy (unnecessary) vegetation
Hermaphrogenic flowers flowers with stamens and pistils (having both male and female genitalia)
Hesseridium typical citrus berry-shaped fruit with bright external color, aromatic
Heterophyllium differences in the shape, size and structure of leaves on the same plant
Hilling raking loose soil to the base of the plant stems, which contributes to the development of the root system, good protection esthum track, etc.
Hormones biologically active substances produced by plants; in extremely small numbers, they are able to regulate the development of cells and other vital functions of the plant.
Humus a substance formed during the incomplete decomposition of organic residues, from which plants receive nutrients necessary for growth and development
Hybrid F1 organism derived from the first generation of plants by hybridization
Hybrids offspring obtained by crossing genetically different parental forms and inheriting their various properties
Hydroponics cultivation of plants without soil, on artificial media using a nutrient solution
Inflorescence shoot or collection of shoots bearing flowers
Insecticides chemical means of insect pest control
Insectivorous plants plants living on poor soils and using small animals, mainly insects, as an additional source of nutrition
Insemination the connection of female and male germ cells, giving rise to a new organism
Interstice part of the stem between two adjacent shoot nodes
Irrigation operation to provide plants with the water they need for their life and growth
Kids daughter bulbs and corms forming in the axils of the scales of the mother bulbs
Krone branched above-ground part of the stem of the tree
Latex liquid contained in plant milkworts
Leaf one of the main organs of higher plants, performing the functions of photosynthesis and transpiration, providing gas exchange and participating in other important vital processes
Leaf vagina the lower part of the leaf, expanded in the form of a groove or tube, enclosing the stem
Leaf veining a system of conductive vessels passing through the leaves
Light-loving plants plants of open places that do not tolerate prolonged shading
Liming of the soil introduction of lime fertilizers into the soil in order to eliminate unsuitable soil acidity for plants
Liquid fertilizers mineral substances introduced into the soil in liquid form
Long-day plants plants in which the formation of flowers occurs in a period when the light part of the day is more than 12 hours
Manure organic fertilizer, which is a mixture of solid and liquid secretions of farm animals with or without litter (for example, straw)
Maturation in plants the final stage of development of seeds and fruits
Meristema educational tissue of plants, long-term retaining the ability to make and form new cells
Metamorphose modifications of the main organs of plants occurring during development and associated with a change in their functions
Micelle vegetative body of the fungus, consisting of thin branching threads - hyphae
Microclimate artificially created climatic conditions in enclosed spaces
Mold mold fungi - fluffy plaques - spore bearings of various fungi that develop on plants
Monocotyledonous plants plants belonging to one of the two classes into which angiosperms are divided; unites all species whose embryos have only one lobe
Monoecious plants plants in which male and female flowers are formed on one individual
Monopodial plants plants whose new branches are formed from first-order branches but do not replace them, such as plants of the genus Abies
Mosses predominantly terrestrial perennial low-growing plants
Moth corolla a corolla consisting of a "sail" (a petal turned upwards), two "oars" (side petals) and a "boat" (formed by two fused petals that resemble the shape of the ship's hull with the keel up)
Mulching continuous or inter-row coverage of the soil surface around the root system of plants with various organic materials (peat, manure, straw, etc.), with the help of which moisture is retained and the appearance of weeds is limited, and also protects plants from the cold
Multi-bone fruit-like brood
Mushroom an organism that combines the signs of a plant and an animal; forms fungi; it is a heterotrophic organism (i.e. one that cannot synthesize organic matter directly from minerals), so fungi use ready-made organic substances
Mutant plant obtained as a result of a change in genetic properties
Mutations sudden, natural or induced artificially heritable changes in genetic material that cause changes in the characteristics of a living organism
Necrosis necrosis of individual organs and tissues of the plant
Nectar a sugary substance secreted by plant nectars that serve to lure insects
Nematocides chemical means of combating nematodes
Nematodes class of primary canary worms, usually very small in size, the body has the shape of an elongated cylinder; respiratory and circulatory organs are absent; among them are many plant pests
Nitrogen fertilizers minerals containing nitrogen and used as a source of nutrition by plants
Nursery the place where young seedlings are grown before final planting in the ground
Nut dry single-seeded unopened fruit with a strongly woody pericarp
Oidium fungal disease, which is usually accompanied by the appearance of a whitish fluffy layer on individual plant organs (leaves, fruits, etc.)
Onion a modified shoot with a shortened stem on which accessory roots are formed serves as an organ for the resumption of vegetative reproduction and the storage of nutrients
Opening fruit a fruit that, upon reaching maturity, opens and seeds fall out of it
Ornamental plants plants used for landscaping settlements, decorating residential and other buildings, making bouquets
Osmunda a genus of ferns, the rhizomes of which are often used in the cultivation of many orchids, to make substrates
Outgrowth a shoot growing at the base of plants or near a remote area of a stem or branch
Ovary the lower part of the pistil, containing the cochilaterates, from which the fetus is formed after fertilization
Pad sweet thick liquid secreted by pests (aphids, worms and other insects that feed on plant juices), attracting ants, and saprophyte fungi (rust) also develop on it.
Palmetta flattened crown shape of fruit trees
Panicle a complex inflorescence, on the main axis of which lateral branches develop at different heights, in turn branching and bearing flowers or simple inflorescences
Parthenocarpia the process of formation of the fruits of plants, often seedless, without fertilization
Peat organogenic mass, consisting of the remains of swamp plants and products of their incomplete decomposition; is used as an organic fertilizer. Peat deposits are divided into 3 types: upper (peat acidic), lowland (slightly acidic) and transitional
Peat humus pots seedling pots from a mixture of peat, humus, manure, etc., or pots (paper, cardboard, pottery, etc.) filled with the same mixture.
Perennial plants plants that live more than two years, overwinter more than once
Perianth the outer part of the flower, formed by the calyc and corolla
Perigonium the part of the flower formed from the leaves of the perianth or from the petals and sepals
Period of rest the period when plants rest; usually coincides with a period of adverse environmental conditions
Pestle female generative organ of the flower, consisting of the ovary, column and stigma
Pigment colored substances that are part of the plant tissues
Pincers small arthropods. Among herbivorous mites there are many dangerous pests
Pinching removal of the apex of a young growing shoot
Plant bud a rudimentary, not yet unfolded escape; distinguish between vegetative buds, from which only stems and branches develop, and flower buds, from which reproductive organs (flowers, fruits) develop.
Plant Cancer disease characterized by excessive improper growth of individual organs, leading to the formation of growths
Plant growth inhibitors compounds that cause short-term delayed plant growth or their transition to the resting stage
Plant Growth Regulators organic compounds that cause stimulation or suppression of plant growth
Plant nutrition assimilation of inorganic compounds from the environment and their transformation into organic substances in order to build structural parts and organs of plants
Plant pests living organisms that damage cultivated plants or cause their death
Plant reproduction reproduction of new individuals, ensuring the preservation of the species and an increase in its number, can be asexual (without fertilization) or sexual
Plant rest physiological condition, in which the growth rate and metabolism are sharply reduced, is expressed in the delay in the germination of seeds, tubers, bulbs, bud opening, stopping growth
Plant rust plant disease caused by rust fungi is characterized by the formation of pustules on the affected organs, when damaged, the spores of the fungus crumble - "rust powder"
Plant tissues groups or complexes of cells connected by a common structure, origin, location and functions performed
Plant variety a set of plants created as a result of selection and possessing certain, hereditary traits and properties
Planting a set of operations for the placement of seedlings, tubers, roots, seedlings, seedlings and other planting material with incorporation into the soil
Pod dry, usually multi-seeded, opening two-nested fruit of plants
Podzolic soils the type of soil formed under coniferous and coniferous hardwoods in temperate cold climates
Pollen a set of pollen grains, consists of dust grains formed in the nests of the anther
Pollination in plants the process of transferring pollen from anthers on the stigma of the pistil (in flowering plants) or to the cotem (in gymnosters), distinguish (among others) entomophilia (produced by insects) and anemophilia (produced by wind)
Prickles solid pointed plant formations developing from shoots or parts thereof
Propagation by leads a type of reproduction, the essence of which consists in digging up a branch or part of a stem without separation from the mother plant, until its own root system is formed
Pruning plants partial or complete removal of branches and shoots used to regulate the growth, vegetation and fruiting of plants
Pubescent organ the organ of the plant (usually a leaf or stem) covered with a short soft pubescence, hairs
Pyramid the shape of the crown of fruit trees, which is used mainly for pears: first-order branches grow from the trunk at an angle of 45°
Rejuvenation pruning of obsolete, whitewashed branches in fruit and ornamental crops to replace them with new ones
Remontability the ability of plants to re-or repeatedly flower or bear fruit during a single growing season
Reproductive organs of plants organs that provide vegetative, asexual and sexual reproduction
Rhizome modified underground shoot of perennial grasses and shrubs, performing the functions of accumulation of reserve substances, vegetative renewal and reproduction
Ringlet a short pointed twig in fruit crops on which a bud is formed
Rise cone growth point, or the area of shoot and root, composed of special cells of the apical meristem
Root one of the main vegetative organs of plants, performing the functions of fixing the plant in the soil and absorbing water and nutrients
Root neck part of the plant, transition from root to stem part
Root offspring above-ground shoot of the plant, developing from the root accessory bud, serving for vegetative reproduction
Root system a set of roots of one plant
Rootstock a plant or part of it on which the graft is grafted - part of another plant
Rosette a collection of closely ringed leaves around a branch or stem
Rosette of plants small-leavedness, disease of fruit crops
Rot change and destruction of plant tissues; usually its appearance is associated with the disease (fungal, bacterial nature, etc.)
Samara dry cracking fruit with a single seed and a thin leathery or membranous pericarp with wing-like outgrowths that promote seed dispersal
Scourge plant stems creeping on the ground with short or long, curly or falling internodes
Seed an organ of sexual reproduction and resettlement of plants, developing from a ejacerium in the ovary in flowering plants
Seed germination transition of seeds from a dormant state to vegetative growth and the formation of seedlings, from which new plants develop in turn
Seed shell a surface protective layer in which the seed (or seeds) is wrapped
Seed stratification aging of seeds of hard-to-germinate crops in a moist substrate to accelerate the germination process
Seedling a young plant grown for planting in a permanent place - in a park, garden, etc.
Seedling a one- or two-year-old plant derived from a seed
Seedling pots containers that serve for growing seedlings of vegetable and flower crops, made of various materials
Selection the science of methods of creating varieties and hybrids of plants with the properties necessary for man
Self-fertility the ability of fruit plants of a certain variety, having bisexual flowers, to self-pollen and tie fruits
Self-pollination the process of transferring pollen on the stigma of this or another flower of the same plant
Semi-shrubs a low-growing perennial plant in which most of the above-ground shoots die off annually, but their woody bases remain
Sexual reproduction various forms of reproduction of organisms in which a new organism develops after the fusion of female and male cells
Shade-tolerant plants plants that tolerate some shading, but develop well and in direct sunlight
Sheet plate a flat part of the leaf without a petiole, in which all the basic physiological processes occur
Shoots the initial phase of plant development, characterized by the appearance on the soil surface of sprouts from seeds, tubers, bulbs
Shrubs perennial woody plants that have no or weakly expressed main stem, giving side shoots at the very surface of the soil
Soil the upper layer of the earth, which has fertility, which is determined by the content of humus, the structure, the reaction of the environment, etc.
Soil substrate (mixture of materials) intended for planting plants containing nutrients
Soil acidity characteristics of the soil due to the content of hydrogen ions in it
Soil moisture soil moisture content
Sowing plants incorporation of seeds into the upper layers of the soil for germination in a favorable environment for this
Sphagnum deciduous moss of a special type, widely found on peatlands; a distinctive property is the saturation of water, so it is often used in floriculture in its pure form or in mixtures
Spider mite - Arthripod, a pest that damages many herbaceous and woody plants
Sporangium unicellular or multicellular organ in which spores are formed
Spraying method of applying chemical plant protection products, growth regulators and biological preparations in drip-liquid form to the treated surface
Spring shoot a young shoot, usually thick and strong, sometimes edible (e.g. asparagus)
Sprout a young stem of a plant with leaves and buds located on it
Stained diseases characterized by the formation of spots from dead tissues on leaves, stems, fruits
Stalk the main organ of plants, the axial part of the shoot, consisting of nodes and internodes
Stigma part of the flower pistil that develops at the top of the column and perceives pollen during pollination
Stipules paired appendages of the base of the leaf, free or attached to the petiole
Stolon modified shoot with long thin internodes and cup-shaped leaves that can be separated from the mother plant as new plants
Stress the state of the body that occurs in response to the action of strong stimuli
Subshrub a perennial plant in which only the lower part of the above-ground shoots is woody, and the upper part is herbaceous and dies off, and grows annually
Subspecies taxonomic category of plants, including varieties, varieties, etc.
Succulent plants perennial plants with fleshy juicy leaves or stems saturated with water, which helps to withstand prolonged droughts (synonym - "juicy plant")
Superphosphate mineral phosphorus fertilizer
Swamp plants plants that are suitable for conditions of prolonged or permanent excessive soil moisture
Symbiosis different forms of coexistence of different organisms that mutually benefit from this
Tannins high-molecular organic compounds contained in the plant
Taproot the main root, from which the thin roots of the second and further order depart
Taxonomy section of systematics, theory and practice of classification of organisms
Terry abnormal flower structure associated with an increase in the number of petals or with a change in the shape and size of the corolla collected in the inflorescence
Tillage mechanical impact on the soil, contributing to the creation of optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants
Tillering bushes one of the forms of branching, leading to the formation of bushes
Tolerance the body's ability to tolerate the adverse effects of an environmental factor
Toxins protein toxic compounds, waste products of living organisms
Trace elements chemical elements contained in plants in small quantities and necessary for normal life
Transpiration the process of evaporation of water by the plant
Trees life form of plants with woody roots and stems
Tropisms directed growth bends (movements) of plant organs caused by unilateral exposure to various environmental factors (light, gravity, etc.)
Trunk woody stem of a tree-like plant
Tuber modified underground shoot, the stem of which grows strongly and accumulates reserve substances
Two-seed dry fruit consisting of two parts and containing only one seed
Umbrella a simple inflorescence, the main axis of which is not developed or greatly shortened, the internodes in the bracts are extremely close
Underground part of the plant bodies located underground
Variegated heterogeneous, variegated leaf color
Variety a systematic category, whose representatives have species characteristics, but at the same time somewhat different properties; from a botanical point of view, the term "variety" is applicable to plants that occur in natural growing conditions more often than in culture, in the latter case the term "cultivar" is used; in garden practice, these terms are distinguished less clearly
Vase artificial crown shape of some fruit and ornamental trees
Vegetative reproduction the formation of a new organism from part of the mother, one of the ways of asexual reproduction
View basic structural and taxonomic unit in the systematics of living organisms
Viral plant diseases plant diseases caused by viruses
Wax coating a wax layer covering the fruits and leaves of many plants
Weeding complex of operations to remove weeds from crop plantings
Weeds plants that grow on the cultivated area and compete with cultivated plants for water, light and nutrients
Weevil dry single-seeded unopenable fruit with leathery pericarp
Whorl three or more flowers or leaves growing from a single node
Wild plants plants that grow in natural conditions and develop naturally
Wilding specimen grown from seed and used as rootstock
Winter hardiness the ability of plants to tolerate adverse winter conditions without significant damage
Wood the characteristic vascular tissue of the above-ground part of the plant, characteristic of higher plants, is characterized by annual growths, serving for the movement of water and solutions of mineral salts from the roots to the leaves and other organs.
Wooding change in the cell membranes of plants with subsequent death of protoplasts, as a result of which the shell loses its elasticity and becomes hard